Please wait a minute...
Studies in the History of Natural Sciences  2019, Vol. 38 Issue (3): 257-277    DOI:
FOCUS: HISTORY OF SCIENCES IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA     
International Collaboration During China's Anti-Schistosomiasis Movement in the 1950s: Visit of the Japanese Schistosomiasis Delegation
YAN Yiwei
Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100190,China
Download:   PDF(2969KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      

Abstract  The Schistosomiasis Control Program in China was a mass political movement led by the Communist Party of China in the early years of the People's Republic of China. In view of the accomplishment of Japanese researchers in the etiopathology and control measures of the disease, the Chinese Medical Association, serving as proxy for the government, invited a Japanese delegation of five parasitologists to visit China in 1956. The visit was made possible with the backing of Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai, when bilateral contact of China and Japan was dominated by nongovernmental activities in the absence of any official diplomatic relations. The Japanese delegation spent two months in China's schistosomiasis infected areas around Guangzhou, Wuhan, Beijing, Shanghai and Wuxi, carried out research work and clinical experiments in collaboration with fellow Chinese scholars, and gave a series of lectures concerning the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Head of the delegation, Yoshitaka Komiya, submitted a report at the end of the tour, in which suggestions were offered on the grounds of their previous experiences and current observations. The article was later published in the Chinese Medical Journal. The influence of the visit won acclamation in a few English research papers, a situation in sharp contrast to the almost total neglect of it in Chinese research. Having put together information from archive documents, medical publications in Chinese, English and Japanese, writings by Komiya himself as well as other pertinent records, this paper looks back on the whole course of the visit with an emphasis on its medical side.From these viewpoints, it is argued that the visit of the Komiya delegation was not so influential as to have changed the general policy and goal of China's anti-schistosomiasis movement, but the Japanese experts did play an indispensable role in sharing with the Chinese hosts their rich practical expertise, helping the latter to solve difficult problems, all the time exhibiting good-will and genuine sincerity. Measures proposed by the delegation were soon adopted in Chinese prevention works. The visit of the Japanese Schitosomiasis Delegation thus proved to be an example of beneficial and productive international cooperation in a particular historical setting.

Key wordsschistosomiasis      international medical exchanges      Japanese Delegation      disease prevention      Yoshitaka Komiya      nongovernmental communication      Zhou Enlai     
Received: 26 June 2019      Published: 21 June 2021
ZTFLH:  N09  
Cite this article:

YAN Yiwei. International Collaboration During China's Anti-Schistosomiasis Movement in the 1950s: Visit of the Japanese Schistosomiasis Delegation. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 2019, 38(3): 257-277.

URL:

http://www.shns.ac.cn/     OR     http://www.shns.ac.cn/Y2019/V38/I3/257

1 董晓艳, 黄华平. 10余年来中国血吸虫病防治史研究回顾与反思[J]. 中华医史杂志, 2018, 48(6): 376~380.
2 赖静萍. 党政关系的演进与当代中国政治发展——基于对防治血吸虫病工作领导小组的历史考察[J]. 学海, 2011,(1): 149~155.
3 施亚利. 新中国成立初期中共中央对血防工作的重视与领导[J]. 党史文苑, 2011,(8): 4~24.
4 王冠中. 20世纪50年代中共整合组织资源防控血吸虫病的实践及启示[J]. 党史研究与教学, 2011,(3): 89~96.
5 李洪河. 20世纪50年代国家对血吸虫病的防治[J]. 当代中国史研究, 2012, 19: 63~69.
6 张晓丽. 论毛泽东与新中国血吸虫病防治事业的发展[J]. 党史文苑, 2014,(8): 33~36.
7 王小军. 疾病、社会与国家——20世纪长江中游地区的血吸虫病灾害与应对[M]. 南昌: 江西人民出版社, 2011.
8 施亚利. 江苏省血吸虫病防治运动研究(1949—1966)[M]. 合肥: 合肥工业大学出版社, 2014.
9 谢晗. 浙江省血吸虫病防治研究(1949—1958)[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2018.
10 张丽敏. 当代苏州地区血吸虫病的防治(1950—1990)[D]. 苏州: 苏州科技学院, 2018.
11 余双旗. 松江县血吸虫病防治运动研究(1951—1970)[D]. 上海: 上海师范大学, 2019.
12 Iijima W. "Farewell to the God of Plague" : Anti-Shistosoma Japonicum Campaign in China and Japanese Colonial Medicine[J]. The Memoirs of the Toyo Bunko. 2008, 66: 46~79.
13 Gross M. Farewell to the God of Plague : Chairman Mao's Campaign to Deworm China[M]. Oakland, Ca.: University of California Press, 2016.
14 Fan K-w. Yoshitaka Komiya's Visits to China and Schistosomiasis Investigation[J]. Journal of Medical Biography. 2018, 26(3): 210~216.
15 《新中国预防医学历史经验》编委会. 新中国预防医学历史经验[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 1991.
16 钱信忠. 中国卫生事业发展与决策[M]. 北京: 中国医药科技出版社, 1992.
17 俞顺章. 上海市消灭血吸虫病历程: 健康促进的又一例证[J]. 上海预防医学, 2016, 28(10): 693~696, 712.
18 中央卫生研究院. 中央卫生研究院召开日本血吸虫病防治工作座谈会[J]. 科学通报, 1954,(2): 59~60.
19 傅连暲. 中华医学会十年来工作的成就[J]. 人民保健, 1959,(10): 887~969.
20 波尔德列夫. 关于消灭血吸虫病措施的几点意见[J]. 中华医学杂志, 1955, 42(4): 393~405.
21 李德全. 学习苏联的先进工作经验更好地建设我国卫生事业[J]. 中医杂志, 1957,(11): 561~563.
22 岡部浩洋. 日本住血吸虫及び日本住血吸虫症の生物学及び疫学[C]//森下薰, 小宮義孝, 松林久吉. 日本における寄生虫学の研究. 第1巻. 东京: 目黑寄生虫館, 1961. 55~80.
23 吴光, 许邦宪. 吾国血吸虫病之大概(一)[J]. 中华医学杂志(上海), 1941, 27(8): 475~482.
24 吴征鉴, 毛守白. 战后苏南之日本血吸虫病初步调查[J]. 中华医学杂志, 1949, 35(3): 131~133.
25 沈松年. 苏南地方病防治所访问记[J]. 医潮月刊, 1948, 2(7): 17~20.
26 李胜明, 李之阳, 周艺彪, 等. 中国血吸虫病防治机构的演进及评价[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2018, 30(3): 353~356.
27 苏德隆. 近年日本血吸虫病研究之进展[J]. 中华医学杂志, 1950, 36(1-2): 35~50.
28 毛守白. 近年来血吸虫病国外文献摘录[J]. 中华医学杂志, 1956, 36(4): 405~408.
29 毛守白. 近年来血吸虫病国外文献摘录(续完)[J]. 中华医学杂志, 1956, 36(5): 478~487.
30 徐小林, 朱蓉, 张利娟, 等. 日本埃及和曼氏血吸虫病的寄生虫学特征及防治措施[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2013, 25(3): 302~306.
31 陈名刚. 世界血吸虫病流行情况与世界卫生组织防治血吸虫病的策略[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 1992, 4(2): 78~81.
32 王玉贵. 周恩来与中日民间外交[J]. 当代中国史研究, 2001, 8(2): 60~69.
33 梅兆荣. 民间外交对中日关系的贡献——纪念中日邦交正常化30周年[J]. 求是, 2002,(17): 11~14.
34 李文宇. 中日民间外交的肇始[D]. 长春: 东北师范大学, 2011.
35 中华医学会. 中华医学会纪事(1915—2015)[M]. 北京: 中华医学电子音像出版社, 2015.
36 新华社. 周恩来总理接见日本医学代表团[N]. 光明日报, 1955-11-05: 1.
37 陈答才, 潘焕昭. 以民促官——周恩来与中日关系[M]. 重庆: 重庆出版社, 1998.
38 佐佐学. 周总理关怀血防工作[N]. 人民日报, 1978-10-22: 4.
39 中共中央文献研究室. 周恩来年谱(1949—1976)[M]. 上. 北京: 中央文献出版社, 1997.
40 新华社. 中华医学会和日本医学代表团的友好协议[J]. 新华社新闻稿, 1955,(1985): 6.
41 新华社. 日本防治血吸虫病医学代表团到北京[J]. 新华社新闻稿, 1956,(2312): 7.
42 刘民英. 稗田宪太郎——八路军中的一位日本著名教授[M]. 北京: 人民军医出版社, 1989.
43 久留米大学医学部第一内科. 歴代主任教授[EB]. 网址: http: //kurume-ichinaika. com/new/medical_staff/index6. php(久留米大学官网). 2019-06-26.
44 Yoshizumi Y. A New Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis Japonica by Needle Biopsy of the Liver[J]. The Kurume Medical Journal. 1954, 1(2): 118~128.
45 吉住好夫. 生肝スライド法による日本住血吸虫症の診断について[J]. 肝臟, 1961, 2(4): 373~380.
46 Iijima W. The Establishment of Japanese Colonial Medicine: Infectious and Parasitic Disease Studies in Taiwan, Manchuria, and Korea under the Japanese Rule before WWII[J]. 青山史学. 2010, 28: 77~106.
47 小宫義孝博士略歴[J]. 目黒寄生虫館ニュース(The Meguro Parasit. Museum News), 1976,(121): 885.
48 梁波, 翟文豹. 日本在中国的殖民科研机构——上海自然科学研究所[J]. 中国科技史料, 2002, 23(3): 189~198.
49 忻平, 吕佳航. "身有所寄、心有所托"——战后上海待遣日侨的集中管理[J]. 社会科学家, 2010,(10): 7~12.
50 管辉, 刘鼎铭. 抗战胜利后国民政府留用日本原子能专家的一组史料[J]. 民国档案, 1994,(3): 43~51.
51 陶炽孙. 上海自然科学研究所卫生学研究室概况[J]. 中华医学杂志(上海), 1937, 23(4): 523~526.
52 小宫义孝. 上海自然科学研究所轮廓[J]. 陈宝华, 译. 江苏教育, 1942, 3(45): 122~130.
53 小宫义孝. 值得介绍的日本文学[J]. 晶孙, 译. 文友, 1944, 4(2): 19~20.
54 小宫义孝. 土[J]. 绿妮, 译. 文协, 1944, 2(1): 21~24.
55 小宫义孝. 花侨[J]. 苏济生, 译. 导报, 1946,(8): 21~22.
56 小宫义孝. 杂感——三木的事·丁芝[J]. 导报, 1946,(12): 15~16.
57 小宮義孝. 城壁——中国風物誌[M]. 东京: 岩波书店, 1949.
58 小宫義孝, 陶熾. 中華民國江蘇省無錫及ピ淮陰地方ニ於ケル二三ノ生態統計學的調查[J]. 上海自然科學研究所彙報, 1936, 6(別冊五): 117~210.
59 小宮義孝. 新中国風土記[M]. 东京: メヂカルフレンド社, 1958.
60 朱朋成, 王国平. 百年同济梦述祖奠伟业——纪念我国著名病理学家杨述祖教授诞辰110周年[J]. 中华病理学杂志, 2013, 42(12): 867~868.
61 佚名. 血吸虫病专家肖荣炜[C]//许文博, 赵成杰. 中国当代医学家荟萃. 第4卷. 长春: 吉林科学技术出版社, 1990. 322~325.
62 江苏省血吸虫病防治研究所. 江苏省血吸虫病防治研究所十年史[R]//1959. 南京: 江苏省档案馆, 4018-002-0393.
63 江苏省人民委员会文教办公室. 批复关于将"江苏省无锡血吸虫病防治所"改为"江苏省血吸虫病防治研究所"等问题[R]//1956. 南京: 江苏省档案馆, 4018-002-0176.
64 钟光贵. 一个出色的"血防"研究所[N]. 光明日报, 1956-12-14: 2.
65 小宫义孝, 肖荣炜, 徐国清, 等. 关于五氯酚钠和酸性砒酸钙的灭螺效果[J]. 中华卫生杂志, 1957, 5(6): 365~367.
66 小宫义孝, 肖荣炜, 徐国清, 等. 关于钉螺食性的检查新法(附述钉螺食性的二三知见)[J]. 中华医学杂志, 1957, 43(8): 651~654.
67 小宫义孝, 冈部浩洋, 安罗冈一男, 等. 寄生于钉螺中的线虫的形态学分类及实验室培养的研究[J]. 中华医学杂志, 1957, 43(8): 648~649.
68 钟光贵. 不平凡的一年——全国防治血吸虫病科学研究委员会第二次会议旁听记[N]. 光明日报, 1956-12-21: 2.
69 Visit of Japanese Schistosomiasis Specialists[J]. Chinese Medical Journal, 1957, 75(1): 84.
70 中华医学会. 中华医学会百年纪念画册(1915—2015)[M]. 北京: 中华医学电子音像出版社, 2015.
71 新华社. 日本防治血吸虫病医学代表团离北京回国[J]. 新华社新闻稿, 1956,(2373): 21.
72 小宫义孝. 关于血吸虫病防治工作的意见书[J]. 中华医学杂志, 1957, 43(4): 297~302.
73 毛守白. 国内血吸虫病研究方面尚待解决的若干问题[J]. 中华卫生杂志, 1954,(2): 111~114.
74 中共江苏省委防治血吸虫病七人小组办公室. 江苏省1956年防治血吸虫病工作计划(草案)[R]//1956. 南京: 江苏省档案馆, 4018-002-0231.
75 农业部. 农业部关于大力加强家畜血吸虫病防治与灭螺和粪便管理工作的通知[J]. 中华人民共和国国务院公报, 1959,(28): 545~546.
76 齐仲桓. 在全国血吸虫病研究委员会第二次会议上的总结发言[C]//全国血吸虫病研究委员会编辑小组. 血吸虫病研究资料汇编(1956年). 上海: 上海卫生出版社, 1957. 1~5.
77 何基澧. 结合兴修水利开展灭螺运动——农业部副部长何基澧在灭螺电话会议上的讲话[J]. 农田水利, 1959,(16): 6.
78 徐运北. 加强组织领导充分发动群众进一步结合兴修水利开展灭螺工作[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 1959,(16): 7.
79 小宮義孝. 日本住血吸虫症の予防[C]//森下薰, 小宮義孝, 松林久吉. 日本における寄生虫学の研究. 第1巻. 东京: 目黑寄生虫館, 1961. 99~127.
80 小宫義孝. 中共の住血吸虫防治対策に対する意見書[J]. 日本医事新報, 1957,(1711): 45~49.
81 小宫義孝, 蕭栄煒, 徐国清, 等. Oncomelania の食性に関する一新検査法と O. Hupensis の食性に関する二, 三の知見(Oncomelania の食性に関する研究 I)[J]. 日本生態学会誌, 1957, 7(1): 18~22.
82 小宫義孝, 蕭栄煒. A Crossing of Oncomelania Nosophora with O. Hupensis(Preliminary Report)[J]. Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology. 1958, 11(2): 185~186.
83 安羅岡一男, 小宫義孝, 岡部浩洋, 等. 日本住血吸蟲中間宿主中国產ミヤイリガイ Oncomelania Hupensis に寄生する線虫の分類形態とその実験室内培養について[J]. 臨床消化器病学, 1957, 7(1): 18~22.
84 安羅岡一男, 楊存性, 陳云庭, 等. 水で稀釈された日本住血吸虫卵に対する殺卵効果[J]. 寄生虫学雑誌, 1958, 7(2): 60~63.
85 徐国余, 肖荣炜. 垂盆草诱螺作用的初步观察[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 1989, 7(3): 207~209.
86 李平淑, 邓春生, 张善稿, 等. 格氏线虫侵染日本血吸虫中间寄主钉螺的初步试验[J]. 生物防治通报, 1986, 2(2): 50~53.
87 姚超素, 胡代炎, 石孟芝, 等. 微生物及寄生虫防治钉螺的研究[J]. 实用预防医学, 1995, 2(4): 198~200.
88 健康报记者. 卫生部整风第四阶段挖出极右分子齐仲桓[J]. 新华半月刊, 1958,(23): 20~22.
89 Yasuraoka K. 小宮義孝先生[J]. Igakushi Kenkyū. 1977,(48): 11~12.
90 Komiya Y. A Recommendatory Note for the Control Problem of Schistosomiasis in China[J]. Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology. 1957, 10(6): 461~471.
91 江苏省卫生厅. 本厅关于接待医学外宾工作的报告[R]//1956. 南京: 江苏省档案馆, 4018-003-0204.
92 The American Schistosomiasis Delegation. Report of the American Schistosomiasis Delegation to the People's Republic of China[J]. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1977, 26(3): 427~457.


[1] ZHANG Baichun. Notes on the Development of the Discipline of the History of Science and Technology[J]. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 0, (): 2106115-2106115.
[2] HUA Jueming. The Definition and Classification of Traditional Handicrafts[J]. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 0, (): 2106120-2106120.
[3] ZOU Dahai. New Research on the Junshu,a Branch of Mathematics in the Early Period of Ancient China[J]. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 2020, 39(4): 395-424.
[4] LIU Siliang. Dog Sacrifice and the Battle against Epidemics: Recalling Fighting Epidemics Prior to the Qin Dynasty[J]. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 2020, 39(4): 425-438.
[5] YANG Huan. A Study on the Moveable Parts Technology of Bronze Chariots Unearthed from the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum[J]. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 2020, 39(4): 439-452.
[6] ZHOU Moxuan. The Structure and Role of the Trace (Yin )Harness Component of the Bronze Chariots and Horses in the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum[J]. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 2020, 39(4): 453-466.
[7] DU Xinhao. Sumai or Xuanmai: Comments on Winter and Spring Wheat Planting Prior to the Han Dynasty[J]. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 2020, 39(4): 467-475.
[8] CHEN Zhihui. Double Impressions of the Ancient Observatory in the Eyes of Europeans in the 1870s and 1880s[J]. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 2020, 39(4): 476-490.
[9] SHAO Hua. The Taxonomy of Chinese Trees and the Early Development of Chinese Forestry: From the Perspectives of Knowledge Transition and Localization[J]. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 2020, 39(4): 491-503.
[10] GUO Jinhai. The Visit to the Soviet Union by the Delegation from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1953[J]. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 2020, 39(4): 504-527.
[11] SUN Lie. Research Accumulates through Collective Effort, Academic Progress Comes Day-by-Day: A Review and Summary of the Planning, Preparation and Implementation of the “Major Scientific Research Projects on the History of Science and Technology” Symposium    (A Note Written on Behalf of the Editors)[J]. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 2020, 39(增刊): 1-5.
[12] DAI Nianzu. The Planning and Compilation of a Magnum Opus, the History of Science and Technology in Pre-Modern China[J]. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 2020, 39(增刊): 6-10.
[13] HUANG Xing. The Compilation and Editorial Board of the History of Science and Technology in Pre-Modern China[J]. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 2020, 39(增刊): 11-20.
[14] DAI Wusan. Epitome of Research on the History of Science and Technology in China: A Review of the Book Series History of Science and Technology in Pre-Modern China in Comparison with Needham's Science and Civilisation in China[J]. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 2020, 39(增刊): 21-28.
[15] HUA Jueming. The Planning and Implementation of the Complete Collection of Traditional Chinese Handicrafts[J]. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 2020, 39(增刊): 31-40.